Individuals are susceptible to bias and error when making attributions about themselves and others.Internal attributions include dispositional or personality-based explanations external attributions emphasize situational factors. Attributions are classified as either internal or external.Practice Exam 4 P/S Passage 3 Question 15 Practice Exam 3 P/S Section Passage 10 Question 56 Practice Exam 3 P/S Section Passage 5 Question 24 Practice Exam 2 P/S Section Passage 4 Question 17 Official Guide P/S Section Passage 1 Question 3 Official Flashcards Psychology Question 3 Official Flashcards Psychology Question 2 Why do we believe that there are universal emotions In order to maintain the belief that the world is a fair place, people tend to think that good people experience positive outcomes and bad people experience negative outcomes. A common view in the United States is the just-world hypothesis, which is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve. When bad things happen to people, others tend to assume that those people somehow are responsible for their own fate. This theory is o ne consequence of westerners’ tendency to provide internal explanations for others’ behavior is victim-blaming. One example of cultural factors impact on attribution is the Just-World Hypothesis. This is thought to be because individualists tend to attribute behavior to internal factors (the individual), while collectivists tend to attribute behavior to external factors (the group and world). People from individualist cultures are more inclined to make the fundamental attribution error and demonstrate self-serving bias than people from collectivist cultures. Collectivist cultures see individuals as members of a group and tend to value conformity, mutual support, and interdependence. Individualist cultures value personal goals and independence. Self-serving bias is the tendency of individuals to make internal attributions when their actions have a positive outcome but external attributions when their actions have a negative outcome.Ĭultural Factors affect how people make attributions. This is related to actor-observer bias, where an actor tends to explain his or her behavior by situational factors while an observer tends to explain the actor’s behavior based on stable internal states. This can contribute to prejudice and stereotyping and lead to conflict. The fundamental attribution error is so powerful that people often overlook even obvious situational influences on behavior. That is to say, we tend to assume that the behavior of another person is due to a trait of that person, underestimating the role of context. A few common such biases include the fundamental attribution error, the self-serving bias, the actor-observer bias, and the just-world hypothesis.įundamental attribution error occurs when people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations for the behavior of other people (in comparison to how we explain our own behavior). People are susceptible to bias and error when making attributions about themselves and others. An explanatory attribution is an attempt to understand the world and seek reasons for a particular event. An interpersonal attribution is an attempt to explain the reasons for an event based on an interaction between two or more individuals. “Attribution theory” is an umbrella term for various models that attempt to understand this process. One of the central concerns of social psychology is understanding the ways in which people explain, or “attribute,” events and behavior. Attribution theory attempts to explain the processes by which individuals explain, or attribute, the causes of behavior and events.
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